{"id":10815,"date":"2026-04-27T00:50:37","date_gmt":"2026-04-26T21:50:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nehorizon-s.net\/?p=10815"},"modified":"2026-04-27T00:50:37","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T21:50:37","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%ae%d9%84-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nehorizon-s.net\/?p=10815","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644: \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a 15 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2023 \u0628\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 (\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0637\u064f\u0645\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0629. \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2025. \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u2013 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a 15 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639.[1][2]\n

*\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629*<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f 70 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u2013 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u2013 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a 1 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1956. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0636\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 1955 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1972.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 1983 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2005. \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 2003 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2020. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (SAF) \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 (RSF)\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u062b\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u2013 33.7 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u2013 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u064f\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 14 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629). \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a.
\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0640 MEMRI \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2025\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629.[3]\n

*\u062e\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629*<\/p>\n

\u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 500 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026 \u0646\u0641\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0630\u0646\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639) \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0633\u064a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649.[4]\n

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0651\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0644\u0648 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u062a\u064a”) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u2013 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647.
\n\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2023\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646). \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 (SPLM\/A) \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.[5]\n

\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u2013 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629” \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u063a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 “\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633” \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2025\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u2013 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644.
\n\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0627\u062f. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u062a\u064a \u2013 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u2013 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635\u062a. \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u062a.[6]\n

*\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a*<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u061f \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u2013 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064d.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0646\u0641\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1971. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u0635\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627.” \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627 “\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629”.[7]\n

\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992. \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646-\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 2023 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2025. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635.[8]\n

\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (MB) \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0645\u0623\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0640 BBC \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023 \u0625\u0646 30 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631.[9]\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0631 “\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641” \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631. \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0643\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647. \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

*\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644*<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u2013 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.[10]\n

\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f. \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643.[11][12]\n

*\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633*<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062e\u0634\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a “\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f” \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639.[13][14]\n

\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0646\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0639\u064f\u0644\u0642\u062a. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0628\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u061f[15]\n

\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a.[16]\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648 “\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646”. \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0647\u0648 “\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646”. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u2013 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u2013 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b. \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0622\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u2013 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0628\u0631\u0629\u061f \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0647\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b.
\n——————————————-
\n\u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 *\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632* \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646. \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1983 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2015 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 2012 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2015. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 2007 – 2009. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.memri.org<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/p>\n[1]\u00a0Theguardian.com\/globAl-development\/2026\/mar\/25\/heroism-horror-and-the-pits-of-hell-inside-the-last-days-of-el-fasher, March 25, 2026.<\/p>\n[2]\u00a0Theafricareport.com\/414328\/snubbed-sudanese-pm-promises-totAl-failure-of-berlin-conference, April 10, 2026.<\/p>\n[3]\u00a0See MEMRI Daily Brief No. 522,\u00a0The Beginning Of The Endgame In Sudan?, September 14, 2023.<\/p>\n[4]\u00a0Middle-east-online.com\/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%84-%D8%B2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%81, April 10, 2026.<\/p>\n[5]\u00a0Smallarmssurvey.org\/highlight\/new-hsba-briefing-paper-rapid-support-forces-sudan, January 31, 2025.<\/p>\n[6]\u00a0Aljazeera.net\/politics\/2025\/7\/2\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%af%d9%81%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86, July 2, 2025.<\/p>\n[7]\u00a0Sudandawn.com\/?p=10603, August 2, 2025.<\/p>\n[8]\u00a0Sudanakhbar.com\/556649#google_vignette, August 21, 2019.<\/p>\n[9]\u00a0Meforum.org\/mef-online\/armed-groups-in-sudans-war-an-interview-with-the-Al-bara-bin-malik-corps, February 25, 2026.<\/p>\n[10]\u00a03ayin.com\/en\/west-kordofan-7-, March 26, 2026.<\/p>\n[11]\u00a0Bbc.com\/arabic\/articles\/clyvwndnn5eo, October 23, 2024.<\/p>\n[12]\u00a0Sudannow.net\/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%80-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84, April 9, 2026.<\/p>\n[13]\u00a0Almashhadalsudani.com\/sudan-news\/sudan-now\/163315, April 9, 2026.<\/p>\n[14]\u00a0Washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/somoud-Al-fashir-and-battle-sudans-future, November 18, 2025.<\/p>\n[15]\u00a0Defencetalks.com\/pakistan-sudan-arms-deAl-suspended-saudi-pressure-africa-intelligence, March 24, 2026.<\/p>\n[16]\u00a03ayin.com\/en\/ethiopia-5-, April 8, 2026.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a 15 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2023 \u0628\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 (\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0637\u064f\u0645\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":10816,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[196,2],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[155],"class_list":["post-10815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-196","category-2"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t